With 600 000 volumes and 15 000 manuscripts, this is one of the richest libraries in Italy. The high point is undoubtedly the Bible of Borso d'Este, with 1 020 pages illuminated by Ferrara artists in the 15C among whom was Tadeo Crivelli.

The Garden Palace of the Duke was designed by Petitot and peopled with statues by Boudard, both French.

This 15C fortress, built on a hilltop 17km to the south of Parma, is powerfully fortified by double ramparts, massive corner towers, a keep and curtain walls. The upper rooms have remarkable frescoes and there is a fine view from the terrace over the Apennines.

A visit to the birthplace of the conductor Arturo Toscanini (1867-1957) is unmissable for any self-respecting music fan! There are interesting documents linked to the musician's family, and also to Verdi and Wagner, some letters from Mazzini, Garibaldi, D'Annunzio and Einstein and much evidence of the Ameican travels of the maestro. You can follow his career during an audiovisual show.